Environmental pollution an overview sciencedirect topics. Significant accidental spills from offshore installations or during refuelling and transport are. Starting in the 1950s, oil and natural gas became the main sources of primary. The oil industry has undoubtedly brought economic benefits to many of our people, but it has left in its trail a complex mix of environmental pollution problems.
The main sources of air pollution are from power generation and flaring of. Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humanity and other life forms on our planet today. There has been gradual environmental degradation with pollution of waters. Report on public health and safety risks of oil and gas. Pdf pollution prevention in the oil and soap industry. It is true that the oil industry is one of the international industries where different countries of the world relate communally. Methyl ethyl ketone mek is used in some refineries as a solvent in lube oil dewaxing. This is due to the toxicity of petroleum which contributes to air pollution, acid rain, and various illnesses in humans. The oil and gas industry may also contribute to biodiversity loss as well as to the destruction of ecosystems that, in some cases, may be unique. Pollution and environmental protection in the oil industry. But, according to industry reports filed with tceq, permian basin oil and gas facilities also. With rising global demand, highly volatile prices and increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the oil and gas industry faces three major challenges. Environmental policies and strategies in nigeria oil and. Improved environmental protection requires better education and training of industry personnel.
Over the years there have been increased concerns over the environmental effects of the petroleum industry. Reducing air pollution from the oil and natural gas industry. Epa regulations for the oil and natural gas industry help combat climate change and reduce air pollution that harms public health. Environmental risk assessment of petroleum industry in nigeria. This is followed by environmental protection options in the petroleum industry that include environmental audits ea, wastemanagement plans, wastemanagement practices, certification of disposal processes, contingency plans, and employee training. Contamination of soils from the refining processes is generally a less significant.
The world banks pollution prevention and abatement handbook 1998 contains guidelines for onshore oil and gas development, prepared by bank with assistance from intergovernmental organisations and the international oil and gas exploration and production industry. Air pollution, chemical industry, crude oil, environmental pollution control, natural gas, petroleum products, petroleum refining, solid waste, water pollution. The oil and gas industry is the largest industria l source of voc emissions in the u. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Three major challenges for the oil and gas industry with rising global demand, highly volatile prices and increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the oil and gas industry faces three challenges. The issue of environmental sustainability is a major concern for governments and players from oil and gas industry worldwide.
Environmental impact of the petroleum industry epa. Lee stoetzel,oil,2000,oil on paper mounted to aluminum,20 x 30 inches cour tesy ofthe artist. Environmental pollution monitoring in oil exploration and exploitation. For that reason, oil and gas production facilities are required to have air pollution permits that comply with the federal clean air act. These impact assessments help to fill data gaps in the literature by predicting potential health and safety impacts from air emissions, odors, noise, vibration, and other environmental hazards associated with oil and gas development projects. Download a full pdf of petroleum and the environment american. The environmental impacts of petroleum are mainly negative. Environmental challenges in saudi arabias oil and gas. Haze and air pollution also directly affect oil palm productivity with the total cost of lost crude palm oil in sumatra in.
All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. The european oil and gas industry has expanded hugely since the 1970s and a vast amount of money continues to be invested in the industry an estimated. Petroleum refining activities and environmental issues. The energy industry significantly contributes to environmental pollution. A scientific appraisal of typical oil spill effects reveals that, while damage occurs and can be profound at the level of individual organisms, populations are more resilient. Although the situation is improving with more stringent environmental regulations for the oil industry, marine pollution is still a serious problem 1. With the rise of an environmental protection movement, the petroleum industry has placed greater emphasis on minimizing environmental impact of its operations. As a result of these activities, ongc is interacting with the environment in. The oil and gas industry currently faces the greatest environmental, health and safety challenges in its entire history erm is a leading global provider of integrated environmental, health, safety, risk and social consulting and sustainabilityrelated services. So although the levels of oil in produced water are very low, and despite improvements in technology which have tended to reduce them, the overall total amount of oil discharged with the water by uk industry will continue to rise in the next few years. In order ward, pollution is the discharge of unwanted. Environmental pollution effects, management and treatment methods.
However, it should be noted that conventional risk. Also, the report, for the first time estimates the total global burden of disease attributed to. Managing environmental risk in the oil and gas industry. Petroleum waste treatment and pollution control sciencedirect. Environmental management in oil and gas exploration and production. Environmental impact assessment of oil and gas industry in by. Sustainable solutions for the oil and gas industry.
This amounts to a potential fall in demand for imported oil in the two. Environmental management in oil and gas exploration and. Although the oil industry is fully aware of the international laws and the risks connected with marine pollution, there is still ample evidence of numerous repeat offenders. This chapter also highlights a number of current policies. Epas regulations apply to oil production, and the production, process, transmission and storage of natural gas. Appendix b, pollution sources in the oil and gas industry, characterizes sources of air emissions, including greenhouse gases ghgs, as well as sources of other environmental releases. For the onshore operations the issues of built environment pose greater. Environmental pollution effects, management and treatment methods article pdf available july 2012 with,215 reads how we measure reads. Assessing health risks at hazardous waste sites report reveals that close to 125 million people are at risk from toxic pollution across 49 low to middleincome countries. Awareness of the importance of environmental issues has become more and more central to the thinking of the oil industry and regulators in the last decades. The oil and gas industry currently faces the greatest environmental, health and safety challenges in its entire history erm is a leading global provider of integrated environmental, health, safety, risk and social. The oil industry is the largest and main generator of gross domestic product in nigeria. In order ward, pollution is the discharge of unwanted material, residue and energy into the environment.
An oil production technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is used to produce. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Environmental impacts of the oil and gas industries. Controlling air pollution from the oil and natural gas industry.
Rich in unconventional natural gas reserves, production in region 8 is increasingly focused on tight gas sands in colorado and wyoming e. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation in the niger delta of nigeria. The negative impacts as a result of activities carried out by oil and gas companies have been a major toll not only to the livelihood and health of people, but more so to the environment, such as pollution. Environmental impacts of oil palm practical considerations in. Clay simon lord jason clay head of research vice president new britain palm oil ltd centre for conservation innovation dami oil palm research station world wildlife fund. The broad environmental issues faced by the oil and gas exploration and production industry are manifested at both local and global levels. We support the oil and gas industry across the entire spectrum of operations, delivering.
For instance, the refineries discharge phenol into the atmosphere during every. Coastguard personnel and ship and oil pollution monitoring. Environmental impacts of oil palm practical considerations. Other environmental impacts include intensification of the greenhouse effect, acid rain, poorer water quality, groundwater contamination, among others. Environment pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change instability, discomfort, disorder and harm in nature or ecosystem. Environmental issues of petroleum exploration and production. A look into water and air pollution are provided, along with pollution due to spills from the oil industry, and lastly, data on various emission types. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. It is no doubt that oil industry is the biggest resource manager in the anal of nigeria economy. Conclusions and recommendations related chapters glossary bibliography biographical sketch summary this chapter aims to present the main environmental impacts of the oil and gas industry throughout the stages of exploration and discovery of new deposits, hydrocarbon production and oil refining.
Study on the management of environmental impacts and risks of. Air pollution from natural gas flaring, exhaust emissions from the explosion in car ownership, and electricity generators continue to leave the major cities of nigeria shrouded in smog. Consequently, the effects of oil pollution are sufficiently well understood to allow for broad indications of the scale and duration of damage for a given incident. For example, oil enterprises and petroleum companies currently release about 2000 tons of chemicals in the atmosphere and discharge about 70 million tons of polluted wastewater to sea per annum. Toxicity, the greenhouse effect, acid rain, and environmental impacts of oil spills are discussed.
Improving the operations of transnational oil companies in emerging economies alexandra s wawryk, university of adelaide, alex. Environment is a system dynamically complex includes and. Environmental impacts of oil palm practical considerations in defining sustainability for impacts on the air, land and water s. Pdf with the rise of an environmental protection movement, the petroleum industry has placed greater emphasis on minimizing environmental impact of. Cholakov university of chemical technology and metallurgy, sofia, bulgaria keywords. Since the discovery and drilling of oil in nigeria, it is estimated that over 10 million barrels have been spilled. Oil and gas industrial and ecosystem mechanical impacts of.
The energy industry is a combination of all manufacturing and processing industries which are associated with the production and sale of energy. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substancesenergies or naturally occurring contaminants. Oil and gas production activities and environmental issues. Many countries cannot afford an adequate surveillance programme. Controlling air pollution from the oil and natural gas. From the environmental compliance of a single production location or processing facility, to engineering design and construction inspection of a new worldclass refinery, we understand the evolving and emerging business issues affecting the operators of oil and gas industry assets. Air pollution in petroleum industry slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. May 11, 2018 the energy industry significantly contributes to environmental pollution.
The consequences of oil spills are more severe in aquatic ecosystem. Environmental pollution control in textile industry. As global energy requirements escalate, so does the demand for improved environmental efforts. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. There are various processes involved which include heating and chemical reactions.
Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. Oil and gas companies are thus faced with the pressure to deliver both high returns to their. Breathing moderate amounts of methyl ethyl ketone mek. Read online pollution and environmental protection in the oil industry. An assessment of the environmental implications of oil and gas. In the long history of oil industry, which involves exploration, drilling. Petroleum refining is one of the largest industries in the united states and a vital part of the national economy.
What is the environmental impact of the energy industry. Its extremely volatile characteristic makes fugitive emissions its primary source of releases to the environment. Rich in unconventional natural gas reserves, production in region 8 is increasingly focused on tight gas. Pollution is associated with virtually all activities throughout all stages of oil and gas production, from exploratory activities to refining. Mitigating the impact of oil exploration and production on coastal and wetland livelihoods in central and west africa 6 ipieca international petroleum industry environmental conservation association ips institute for policy studies itopf international tanker owners pollution federation ltd. Environmental impact of the petroleum industry wikipedia.
Pdf environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and. Region 8s distinctive oil and gas industry characteristics the oil and natural gas resources in region 8 are distinct from other reserves located in the united states. An assessment of the environmental implications of oil and. This paper examined the effects of oil pollution on the environment. Solids, liquids and gaseous forms of wastes and pollutants. The main problem with the dependence on oil and gas as a primary source of energy lies in the huge pollution caused by the industry. Dorsey energy is the lifeblood of our planet earth, an essential commodity that powers the expanding global economy. Environmental impacts of oil exploration and exploitation. Implications for the environment corresponding author. Oil refineries convert crude oil, coal, or natural gases into fuel including petrol, diesel, paraffin, kerosene. Ultimately, the oil and gas industry is faced with the challenge of aligning shortterm financial goals with the longterm environmental risks.
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